APQC知识管理实施指南(doc)
APQC知识管理实施指南 There is a widespread understanding of the value of KM in many organizations, and one might assume that mature KM initiatives are widespread as well. However, the gap between organizations recognizing the value of KM and those fully implementing it is large. 目前，很多企业对KM都有所了解，甚至一些企业已经认为实施KM的时机成熟了，但 是，在“了解知识管理”和“实施知识管理”这个两个层次之间的距离还是很大的。 Establishing knowledge management strategies that will ultimately make your organization more effective can be a daunting task. Getting started down the right path is often difficult, and staying the course can be even more so as roadblocks spring up in your way. Although you may see KM as a worthwhile effort, convincing others of its value and making it happen across your organization can be a tall order. 建立知识管理的战略以保持企业的活力是一件非常困难的事情，第一步选对方向就 更加困难了，整个实施过程到处充满了绊脚石。尽管你认为知识管理是非常值得做的一 件事情。但是让其他人信服并且在组织内部广泛实施是一个非常艰巨的任务。 APQC*s approach to KM implementation eases your way, even as your organization may be struggling to understand the issues, tactics, and tools necessary for a successful KM journey. Our Road Map to Knowledge Management Results: Stages of ImplementationTM framework helps you navigate toward true institutionalization by laying out the characteristics, requirements, and action steps of every stage of KM implementation: APQC的这套实施方法可以帮助你更好的解决问题，即使你的企业可能正在艰难的寻 求概念上的理解、战术的制定以及工具的使用去成功地实施知识管理。为此APQC提供了 这份实施指南，通过阶段特征的描述，需求分析以及实施步骤等内容来帮助你成功的找 到实施质是管理的正确方向，其实施过程分成了以下5个部分。 Stage 1: Get Started Stage 2: Develop a Strategy Stage 3: Design and Launch a KM Initiative Stage 4: Expand and Support Stage 5: Institutionalize Knowledge Management 第一阶段：启动 第二阶段：策略开发 第三阶段：试点 第四阶段：推广和支持 第五阶段：将知识管理制度化 Based on APQC*s study of and collaboration with best practice organizations over a period of years, APQC*s Road Map to Knowledge Management Results: Stages of ImplementationTM framework spells out the essential steps to achieve true knowledge management implementation. A synthesis of our experience with early adopters, assessment of emerging trends, and identification of best practices, this model serves as a navigation tool for organizations that have seen the glimmer of opportunity in KM to efficiently develop new products, beat the competition, motivate team members, and maximize profits and investments. 根据APQC多年的在最佳实践基础上的研究和总结，这份实施指南说明了成功知识管 理实施阶段中的关键步骤。我们将先前实施者的经历、行业发展的最新趋势以及最佳实 践的经验综合在一起，作为指南帮助企业成功实施知识管理，这些企业已经看到了实施 知识管理所带来的机会，促进企业开发新产品，战胜竞争对手，激励团队成员，以及使 利润和收益最大化。 Each stage involves description of provoking events, objectives, key players and roles, governance and structure, information technology impact, the nature of business cases, measurement approaches, and budget issues. By completing the key activities for each stage, your organization will maintain sound footing throughout the entire KM implementation process. 在APQC多年来对很多优秀的企业的研究和合作的基础上，这份实施指南详细描述了 知识管理实施的几个阶段。每个阶段都包含有导火索、目标、管理和构架、信息技术、 案例、衡量方法和预算以及完成每个阶段的关键活动，你的企业将在知识管理实施的过 程中不断的提高。 Stage 1: Get Started 第一阶段：启动　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Learning where you are is the first important task along your path to knowledge management success. APQC shows you where to start and points you in the right direction. 认清现状是成功实施知识管理的首要任务，这个指南为你指出应该从哪里入手以及 正确的方向。 If one or more of the following statements is true, your organization is likely ready to embark on Stage 1 of the journey. 如果下面所列的情况有一个是属于事实的，那么你的组织已经做好的准备，请进入 知识管理第一阶段。 o Knowledge management has emerged as a topic of interest in your organization. o At least a few employees have explored the benefits of KM for your organization. o Someone has had a personal stake in developing interest in KM. o You or other members of the organization have learned about KM through participation in consortia or conferences. o The organization has created a high-level rationale or vision for pursuing KM. o 知识管理已经成为你的组织中一个非常感兴趣的话题 o 已经有一些员工从知识管理中得到了好处 o 一些人已经认同知识管理，有很好的基础 o 你和其他一些成员已经通过培训、企业交流等方式学习了知识管理的内容 o 组织有实施知识管理的很高的愿景 第一阶段的关键活动 KEY ACTIVITIES FOR STAGE 1 So, what now? you might wonder. Fortunately, APQC has been here before with dozens of world-class companies and knows what it takes to initiate this complex process. Based on the organization*s wealth of experience, APQC has summarized the key activities, as well as some helpful hints, of Stage 1. As an insightful innovator and early promoter of KM, your tasks at this exciting stage are to define KM for others in your organization, share stories of how KM has helped other successful companies, and align KM use with current initiatives. 你可能会想：说了这么多，现在我该做什么?很幸运，APQC跟世界顶级的大公司已经 经历了这个过程，并且知道应该怎样开始这个复杂的过程。基于这些经验，APQC总结出 了第一阶段的关键活动。作为一个有洞察力的改革者或者是知识管理的早期推动者，在 这个阶段的任务是定义知识管理，共享知识管理的成功案例，并把知识管理跟目前的工 作联系起来，保持方向上的一致。 1. Make the concepts of KM real for others in your organization. Create a clear, tangible picture of the benefits of KM as they relate to goals in your organization. Use simple definitions and simple language to explore real problems, opportunities, and the potential value that KM addresses. 1，企业内知识管理理念的解释和推广 将知识管理跟公司的目标联系起来，让大家清楚地看到知识管理的好处，使用简单 的定义和简单的语言指出实际存在的问题、机会和知识管理的潜在价值。 2. Identify others to support the development of KM. To find advocates of knowledge management, look around the organization for current activities that might already be related to KM. Look for smaller communities or groups that are currently sharing knowledge, and make connections with these people. Recruiting well-respected, influential people is always a good idea. Next, consider which of the following phrases really gets your attention: Cost cutting? Improved efficiency? Pressure from competitors? Streamlined information access? Simplified processes? As an agent of change, find the greatest motivating value factor in your organization to influence others to support KM initiatives. 2，寻求支持，推广知识管理 找出目前组织内部可以联系到知识管理的活动，找出一些共享知识的小组，并且和 这些人取得联系。寻求有影响力的人的支持是一个好主意。 然后，检查下面的几个问题又没有引起你们的注意：降低成本？提高效率？平滑的 信息交流？简单的流程？作为变革的动力，在你的组织内寻找最有激励性的因素去影响 别人，让他支持KM工作 3. Look for windows of opportunity to introduce the benefits of KM. Find where KM will be most valued by talking to people involved with strategic initiatives, internal consulting groups, or people inside the company with whom you*ve developed personal relationships. Then answer the following questions. What are their objectives? What issues are being addressed? How can KM help the organization meet those objectives and deal with those issues? 3，发现知识管理应用的机会 通过跟内审，或者公司内其他你已经建立个人关系的个人讨论知识管理可以发挥价 值的地方。然后回答下列问题：他们的目标是什么？达成这些目标存在什么样的问题?知 识管理怎样解决这些问题并达到他们的目标。 4. Capitalize on the Internet and enlist the IT department to provide tools and a balanced view of KM. Make connections with your IT leaders to find out what KM possibilities are available with existing technology. Find out what capabilities realistic upgrades might provide. Remember that the IT department can truly be a catalyst for emerging KM support technologies. 4，利用Internet并获得IT部门的支持 联系IT部门的领导，找出目前的技术可以做到什么样子。记住IT部门是KM的一个重 要支柱。 ROADBLOCKS TO SUCCESS ·Ignoring your corporate culture and history not addressing issues that might hinder KM ·Attempting to sell an enterprisewide approach without building evidence first ·Asking for a large budget before creating a compelling value proposition 成功路上的绊脚石 o 忽略公司文化和历史 o 没有任何论据就推销知识管理 o 没有创造任何价值就要求很大一笔预算 Stage 2: Develop Strategy 第二阶段：开发战略 If one or more of the following statements is true, welcome to Stage 2. 如果下面的情况有一个甚至更多跟实际相符，欢迎进入第二阶段。 　　　　　　　　 ·Your organization has established a KM exploratory group or steering committee for KM. ·An executive sponsor in your organization supports further exploration of KM. ·You are looking for successful, internal grassroots efforts already under way. ·Your IT organization is interested in actively supporting KM initiatives. ·You have stories of how knowledge sharing has helped your organization in the past. ·You have identified pilots that allow you to demonstrate how KM will benefit your organization. ·You have secured ownership, funding, and buy-in for pilots. ·你的组织已经建立了KM探讨小组或者KM筹委会。 ·公司的高层领导支持知识管理的推广 ·你所一直关注的成功的内在驱动力已经存在。 ·IT部门对KM的导入和建设感兴趣 ·你现在已经掌握了一些公司以前的知识共享的案例 ·你已经找到一个试点可以让你证明知识管理是如...
APQC知识管理实施指南(doc)